Yahud and Huda
The root word of Yahūd, "h-w-d", has the basic meaning of "lenient" or "consideration" and is used to form other words related to leniency and consideration in faith, the name of the Prophet Hūd also comes from the same root and is known as the lenient Prophet. Therefore, Yahūdiyūn can be translated as "the ones who are lenient", Yahūd can be translated as "the one who is lenient" or "the one who is considerate" in faith, while Hūd can be translated as the "Lenient" or "Considerate", therefore the word Yahūd likely refers to those who followed the doctrine preached by Prophet Hūd, a doctrine of leniency or consideration, while Al Yahūd is the one who self-proclaims to be a follower of such doctrine. Alladhīna Hādū can be translated as "those who hold to leniency" or "those who hold to consideration", i.e. doctrine of leniency or consideration of Prophet Hūd.
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| Hans Wehr lexicon, Page 1216 |
The verse 5:44 refers to the Tawrat (law) as a revelation from Allah that has been used as a standard of judgment by the Prophets, scholars, and Alladhīna Hādū (those who hold to leniency/consideration [leniency/consideration of Prophet Hūd]) and it is a guidance and light for the believers, the Quran vastly uses the words "alam tara" which means "hast thou not considered..." to refer to the favours, signs and guidance from God, the Prophet Hūd and his disciples did consider and were in prudent fear, while the people of ʿĀd did not, the people of ʿĀd asked for evidence to reject their man-made deities and worship the One God (11:53) after Hūd proclaimed he doesn't want any wage/reward from them and that God will send them abundant rain and increase in strength once they have sought God's forgiveness (11:52) for being inconsiderate to faith in God and his Signs, like atheists, polytheists and monists do in the modern age. It's important to note that the Quran acknowledges the truth of previous revelations given to various communities such as the followers of Hūd and their continued relevance for guidance reiterated within the Quran.
إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَا ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّونَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا۟ لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا۟ وَٱلرَّبَّـٰنِيُّونَ وَٱلْأَحْبَارُ بِمَا ٱسْتُحْفِظُوا۟ مِن كِتَـٰبِ ٱللَّـهِ وَكَانُوا۟ عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَآءَ فَلَا تَخْشَوُا۟ ٱلنَّاسَ وَٱخْشَوْنِ وَلَا تَشْتَرُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِى ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّـهُ فَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْكَـٰفِرُونَ
It was We who revealed the law (Tawrat): therein was guidance and light. By its standard have been judged the ones who hold to leniency/consideration, by the Prophets who submitted, by the Rabbāniyyūn, the religious scholars, for to them was entrusted the charge of the decree of God, and they were witnesses thereto: "So fear not mankind but fear Me; and sell not My proofs at a cheap price.” And whoso judges not by what God has sent down, it is they who are the false claimers of guidance. (5:44)
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| Steingass Page 1169 |
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| M.G.Farid Page 803 |
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